明治民法（明治29・31年）

遺言ハ遺言者ノ自筆ノ証書、公正証書又ハ秘密ノ方式ニ依リテ之ヲ為スコトヲ得

然レトモ二人以上ノ人ハ一箇ノ証書ヲ以テ遺言ヲ為スコトヲ得ス

遺嘱ハ自筆ノモノタルコトヲ得又ハ公ケノ証書ヲ以テ為スコトヲ得又ハ秘密ノ法式ヲ以テスルコトヲ得可シ

On peut tester extra-judiciairement ou judiciairement, verbalement ou par écrit, et, dans ce dernier cas, avec ou sans témoins.

仏民法第九百六十八条及ヒ第九百六十九条ニ同シ

法律上ニ於テ通常ノ遺嘱書ニ関スル二種ノ程式ヲ認識ス即チ手記ノ遺嘱書及ヒ公証人ノ面前ニ於テ録製スル遺嘱書是ナリ

Tout testament doit être olographe ou fait par acte public.

Une disposition de dernière volonté peut être faite judiciairement ou extra-judiciairement, par écrit ou verbalement, mais pour être valable elle doit, dans l'une ou l'autre forme, satisfaire aux prescriptions des paragraphes 504 à 506.

Les testaments ordinaires sont olographes ou publics.

Le testament, quant à sa forme, peut être:

1° Public;

2° Mystique (cerrado);

3° Militaire;

4° Maritime;

5° Externe, ou fait en pays étranger.

Le testament peut être ordinaire ou spécial. L'ordinaire peut être olographe, public ou mystique.

Un testament pourra être olographe, ou fait par acte public, ou dans la forme mystique.

§. 2205. Der Testamentsvollstrecker hat den Nachlaß zu verwalten. Er ist insbesondere berechtigt, den Nachlaß in Besitz zu nehmen und über die Nachlaßgegenstände zu verfügen. Zu unentgeltlichen Verfügungen ist er nur berechtigt, soweit sie einer sittlichen Pflicht oder einer auf den Anstand zu nehmenden Rücksicht entsprechen.

Ein Testament kann in ordentlicher Form nur vor einem Richter oder vor einem Notar errichtet werden.

Der Richter muß einen Gerichtsschreiber oder zwei Zeugen, der Notar muß zwei Zeugen zuziehen.

§. 66. Jedes Testament oder Codicill muß in der Regel vom Testator selbst den Gerichten übergeben, oder zum gerichtlichen Protocolle erklärt werden.

§. 161. Legate, welche den zwanzigsten Theil des Nachlasses wahrscheinlich, oder nach der Versicherung des Erblassers, nicht übersteigen, können durch eigenhändig geschriebene und unterschriebene Codicille, ohne gerichtliche Uebergabe verordnet werden.

§ 2092. Wer einen letzten Willen gerichtlich errichten will, kann bei Gericht denselben zu Protocoll erklären oder in einer Schrift übergeben.

§ 2100. Ein letzter Wille kann außergerichtlich vor fünf Zeugen errichtet werden. Die Errichtung muß von Anfang bis zu Ende ununterbrochen ohne Einmischung fremdartiger Geschäfte vor sich gehen.

XIV. And whereas by an Act of Parliament made in the twenty ninth Year of King CHARLES the Second intituled, An Act for Prevention of Frauds and Perjuries, it is enacted. That no Nuncupative Will shall be good, where the Estate thereby bequeathed shall exceed the Value of thirty Pounds, that is not proved by the Oaths of three Witnesses, at the least, that at the making thereof; it is hereby declared. That all such Witnesses as are and ought to be allowed to be good Witnesies upon Trials at Law, by the Laws and Customs of this Realm, shall be deemed good Witnesses to prove any Nuncupative Will or any Thing relating thereunto.

§ 550. Every will, other than a nuncupative will authorized by section 547, must be executed and attested as follows:

1. It must be subscribed at the end thereof, by the testator himself, or by some person in his presence and by his direction;

2. The subscription must be made in the presence of each of the attesting witnesses, or be acknowledged by the testator to each of them, to have been mode by him or by his authority;

3. The testator must, at the time of subscribing or acknowledging the same, declare to the attesting witnesses that the instrument is his will; and,

4. There must be two attesting witnesses, each of whom must sign his name as a witness at the end of the will, at the testator’s request.

1276. Every will, other than a nuncupative will, must be in writing; and every will, other than an olographic will, and a nuncupative will, must be executed and attested as follows:

1. It must be subscribed at the end thereof by the testator himself, or some person in his presence and by his direction must subscribe his name thereto;

2. The subscription must be made in the presence of the attesting witnesses, or be acknowledged by the testator to them, to have been made by him or by bis authority;

3. The testator must, at the time of subscribing or acknowledging the same, declare to the attesting witnesses that the instrument is his will; and,

4. There must be two attesting witnesses, each of whom must sign his name as a witness, at the end of the will, at the testator’s request, and in his presence.

1287. The execution of a codicil, referring to a previous will, has the effect to republish the will, as modified by the codicil.

50. Every testator, not being a soldier employed in an expedition, or engaged in actual warfare, or a mariner at sea, must execute his Will according to the following rules: —

First. — The testator shall sign or shall affix his mark to the Will, or it shall be signed by some other person in his presence and by his direction.

Second. — The signature or mark of the testator or the signature of the person signing for him shall be so placed that it shall appear that it was intended thereby to give effect to the writing as a Will.

Third. — The Will shall be attested by two or more witnesses, each of whom must have seen the testator sign or affix his mark to the Will, or have seen some other person sign the Will in the presence and by the direction of the testator, or have received from the testator a personal acknowledgment of his signature or mark, or of the signature of such other person; and each of the witnesses must sign the Will in the presence of the testator, but it shall not be necessary that more than one witness be present at the same time, and no particular form of attestation shall be necessary.

51. If a testator, in a Will or Codicil duly attested, refers to any other document then actually written, as expressing any of his intentions, such document shall be considered as forming a part of the Will or Codicil in which it is referred to.

52. Any soldier being employed in an expedition, or engaged in actual warfare, or any mariner being at sea, may, if he has completed the age of eighteen years, dispose of his property by a Will made as is mentioned in the fifty-third Section. Such Wills are called privileged Wills.

53. Privileged Wills may be in writing, or may be made by word of mouth. The execution of them shall be governed by the following rules: —

First. — The Will may be written wholly by the testator, with his own hand. In such case it need not be signed nor attested.

Second. — It may be written wholly or in part by another person, and signed by the testator. In such case it need not be attested.

Third. — If the instrument purporting to be a Will is written wholly, or in part, by another person, and it is not signed by the testator, it shall be considered to be his Will, if it be shown that it was written by the testator’s, directions, or that he recognized it as his Will. If it appear on the face of the instrument, that the execution of it in the manner intended by him was not completed, the instrument shall not by reason of that circumstance be invalid, provided that his non-execution of it can be reasonably ascribed to some cause other than the abandonment of the testamentary intentions expressed in the instrument.

Fourth. — If the soldier or mariner shall have written instructions for the preparation of his Will, but shall have died before it could be prepared and executed, such instructions shall be considered to constitute his Will.

Fifth. — If the soldier or mariner shall in the presence of two witnesses have given verbal instructions for the preparation of his Will, and they shall have been reduced into writing in his life-time, but he shall have died before the instrument could be prepared and executed, such instructions shall be considered to constitute his Will, although they may not have been reduced into writing in his presence, nor read over to him.

Sixth. — Such soldier or mariner as aforesaid may make a Will by word of mouth by declaring his intentions before two witnesses present at the same time.

Seventh. — A Will made by word of mouth shall be null at the expiration of one month after the testator shall have ceased to be entitled to make a privileged Will.

秘密ノ方式ニ依ル遺言トシテ有効ナル為メ前条ニ定メタル条件ニ欠クルモノ有リト雖モ其全文、日附及ヒ氏名共ニ遺言者ノ自書ニ係ルトキハ自筆ノ遺言書トシテ有効トス

1067. Un testament doit être olographe ou fait par acte public ou encore mystique, sauf dans les cas où une forme spéciale est admise.

遺言ハ遺言者ノ自筆ノ証書、公正証書又ハ秘密ノ方式ニ依リテ之ヲ為スコトヲ得

然レトモ二人以上ノ人ハ一箇ノ証書ヲ以テ遺言ヲ為スコトヲ得ス